Sampling:Article Title: Pain and the Brain: A Systematic Review of Methods, EEG Biomarkers, Limitations, and Future Directions.
Article Snippet: .. Author (Year) Participant Profile [# of Participants in Analysis] EEG Equipment EEG Acquisition Method [Sampling Frequency] Additional Data Acquisition Stimulation Method Pain Scoring Method G*Peier F. (2022) [68] • Trained athletes (healthy) (endurance sport ≥ 7 h a week for the last 6 months) • Non–trained athletes (healthy) (sports activity ≤ 2.5 h week for the last 6 months) • Male • Age: 18–60 • [Trained Athletes: 26 participants] • [Non–Trained Athletes: 24 participants] • High Density EEG Active Two Recording Device (BIOSEMI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) • 64 channels • Baseline resting state (3 min) (randomized conditions: seated eyes open, seated eyes closed, and standing eyes closed) • 2 min warm water • CPT: max 4 min • Recovery (with warm water & cartoons): 15 min • Resting state (3 min) • [1024 Hz] • QST • CPT 4 ◦C (duration of bearable pain: max 4 min) • 11–Point NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” • CSI (assessment of CS features) Rustamov N et al. (2021) [70] • Healthy • Male and Female • Age: 18–70 • [12 participants] • EEG Headset (DSI 24, Wearable Sensing, San Diego, CA, USA) • 24 channels • 10–20 system • 2 sessions (14 days apart) • Baseline (10 min) • CPT (2 min) • Recovery (10 min) • [300 Hz] N/A or not mentioned in study • CPT (thermostat–controlled circulating cold water bath) • Temperature ≥ 4◦C • 2 min • * Device listed in paper • Verbal NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” Simis M, Imamura M et al. (2022a) [60] • Chronic pain (clinical diagnosis with knee osteoarthritis) • Male and Female • Age: 18+ • [66 participants] • EGI system (Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EGI, Eugene, OR, USA) • 128 channels • Resting state • Eyes closed • 5 min • [250 Hz] • EMG • CPM • TMS • TMS (Magstim Rapid stimulator (The Magstim Company Limited, United Kingdom) • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS • Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Simis M et al. (2022b) [81] • Chronic pain (clinical & radiological diagnosis of SCI of traumatic etiology) (1 to 36 months after lesion) (“C” or “D” on American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) • Male and female • Age: 18–65 • [39 participants] • Acti–Champs (PyCorder, Brainvision LLCV) • 32 channels • 10–20 system • Resting state • 20 min • Eyes closed • CPM • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS Neurol. ..
Activity Assay:Article Title: Pain and the Brain: A Systematic Review of Methods, EEG Biomarkers, Limitations, and Future Directions.
Article Snippet: .. Author (Year) Participant Profile [# of Participants in Analysis] EEG Equipment EEG Acquisition Method [Sampling Frequency] Additional Data Acquisition Stimulation Method Pain Scoring Method G*Peier F. (2022) [68] • Trained athletes (healthy) (endurance sport ≥ 7 h a week for the last 6 months) • Non–trained athletes (healthy) (sports activity ≤ 2.5 h week for the last 6 months) • Male • Age: 18–60 • [Trained Athletes: 26 participants] • [Non–Trained Athletes: 24 participants] • High Density EEG Active Two Recording Device (BIOSEMI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) • 64 channels • Baseline resting state (3 min) (randomized conditions: seated eyes open, seated eyes closed, and standing eyes closed) • 2 min warm water • CPT: max 4 min • Recovery (with warm water & cartoons): 15 min • Resting state (3 min) • [1024 Hz] • QST • CPT 4 ◦C (duration of bearable pain: max 4 min) • 11–Point NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” • CSI (assessment of CS features) Rustamov N et al. (2021) [70] • Healthy • Male and Female • Age: 18–70 • [12 participants] • EEG Headset (DSI 24, Wearable Sensing, San Diego, CA, USA) • 24 channels • 10–20 system • 2 sessions (14 days apart) • Baseline (10 min) • CPT (2 min) • Recovery (10 min) • [300 Hz] N/A or not mentioned in study • CPT (thermostat–controlled circulating cold water bath) • Temperature ≥ 4◦C • 2 min • * Device listed in paper • Verbal NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” Simis M, Imamura M et al. (2022a) [60] • Chronic pain (clinical diagnosis with knee osteoarthritis) • Male and Female • Age: 18+ • [66 participants] • EGI system (Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EGI, Eugene, OR, USA) • 128 channels • Resting state • Eyes closed • 5 min • [250 Hz] • EMG • CPM • TMS • TMS (Magstim Rapid stimulator (The Magstim Company Limited, United Kingdom) • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS • Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Simis M et al. (2022b) [81] • Chronic pain (clinical & radiological diagnosis of SCI of traumatic etiology) (1 to 36 months after lesion) (“C” or “D” on American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) • Male and female • Age: 18–65 • [39 participants] • Acti–Champs (PyCorder, Brainvision LLCV) • 32 channels • 10–20 system • Resting state • 20 min • Eyes closed • CPM • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS Neurol. ..
Article Title: Pain and the Brain: A Systematic Review of Methods, EEG Biomarkers, Limitations, and Future Directions
Article Snippet: Ocay DD et al. (2022) [ ] , Chronic Pain Group (musculoskeletal pain at least once a week ≥ 3 mo), HC: (no chronic pain in past 3 months) Male and Female Age: 10–18 [Chronic Pain: 142 participants] [HC: 45 participants] , EEG headset (DSI–24, Wearable Sensing) 21 channels 10–20 system , Recording A: eyes open 2 groups: with and without moving the computerized VAS Recording B: during tonic heat Recording C: During CPT [300 Hz] , Thermal stimulation CPT , Tonic heat stimulation (warm thermode with Q–sense apparatus): 120 s CPT: 12 °C, 2 min , Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) 11–point NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS–C) Computerized VAS. .. G*Peier F. (2022) [ ] , Trained athletes (healthy) (endurance sport ≥ 7 h a week for the last 6 months) Non–trained athletes (healthy) (sports activity ≤ 2.5 h week for the last 6 months) Male Age: 18–60 [Trained Athletes: 26 participants] [Non–Trained Athletes: 24 participants] , High Density EEG Active Two Recording Device (BIOSEMI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) 64 channels , Baseline resting state (3 min) (randomized conditions: seated eyes open, seated eyes closed, and standing eyes closed) 2 min warm water CPT: max 4 min Recovery (with warm water & cartoons): 15 min Resting state (3 min) [1024 Hz] , QST , CPT 4 °C (duration of bearable pain: max 4 min) , 11–Point NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” CSI (assessment of CS features). .. Rustamov N et al. (2021) [ ] , Healthy Male and Female Age: 18–70 [12 participants] , EEG Headset (DSI 24, Wearable Sensing, San Diego, CA, USA) 24 channels 10–20 system , 2 sessions (14 days apart) Baseline (10 min) CPT (2 min) Recovery (10 min) [300 Hz] , N/A or not mentioned in study , CPT (thermostat–controlled circulating cold water bath) Temperature ≥ 4°C 2 min * Device listed in paper , Verbal NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable”.
Biomarker Discovery:Article Title: Pain and the Brain: A Systematic Review of Methods, EEG Biomarkers, Limitations, and Future Directions.
Article Snippet: .. Author (Year) Participant Profile [# of Participants in Analysis] EEG Equipment EEG Acquisition Method [Sampling Frequency] Additional Data Acquisition Stimulation Method Pain Scoring Method G*Peier F. (2022) [68] • Trained athletes (healthy) (endurance sport ≥ 7 h a week for the last 6 months) • Non–trained athletes (healthy) (sports activity ≤ 2.5 h week for the last 6 months) • Male • Age: 18–60 • [Trained Athletes: 26 participants] • [Non–Trained Athletes: 24 participants] • High Density EEG Active Two Recording Device (BIOSEMI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) • 64 channels • Baseline resting state (3 min) (randomized conditions: seated eyes open, seated eyes closed, and standing eyes closed) • 2 min warm water • CPT: max 4 min • Recovery (with warm water & cartoons): 15 min • Resting state (3 min) • [1024 Hz] • QST • CPT 4 ◦C (duration of bearable pain: max 4 min) • 11–Point NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” • CSI (assessment of CS features) Rustamov N et al. (2021) [70] • Healthy • Male and Female • Age: 18–70 • [12 participants] • EEG Headset (DSI 24, Wearable Sensing, San Diego, CA, USA) • 24 channels • 10–20 system • 2 sessions (14 days apart) • Baseline (10 min) • CPT (2 min) • Recovery (10 min) • [300 Hz] N/A or not mentioned in study • CPT (thermostat–controlled circulating cold water bath) • Temperature ≥ 4◦C • 2 min • * Device listed in paper • Verbal NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” Simis M, Imamura M et al. (2022a) [60] • Chronic pain (clinical diagnosis with knee osteoarthritis) • Male and Female • Age: 18+ • [66 participants] • EGI system (Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EGI, Eugene, OR, USA) • 128 channels • Resting state • Eyes closed • 5 min • [250 Hz] • EMG • CPM • TMS • TMS (Magstim Rapid stimulator (The Magstim Company Limited, United Kingdom) • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS • Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Simis M et al. (2022b) [81] • Chronic pain (clinical & radiological diagnosis of SCI of traumatic etiology) (1 to 36 months after lesion) (“C” or “D” on American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) • Male and female • Age: 18–65 • [39 participants] • Acti–Champs (PyCorder, Brainvision LLCV) • 32 channels • 10–20 system • Resting state • 20 min • Eyes closed • CPM • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS Neurol. ..
Western Blot:Article Title: Pain and the Brain: A Systematic Review of Methods, EEG Biomarkers, Limitations, and Future Directions.
Article Snippet: .. Author (Year) Participant Profile [# of Participants in Analysis] EEG Equipment EEG Acquisition Method [Sampling Frequency] Additional Data Acquisition Stimulation Method Pain Scoring Method G*Peier F. (2022) [68] • Trained athletes (healthy) (endurance sport ≥ 7 h a week for the last 6 months) • Non–trained athletes (healthy) (sports activity ≤ 2.5 h week for the last 6 months) • Male • Age: 18–60 • [Trained Athletes: 26 participants] • [Non–Trained Athletes: 24 participants] • High Density EEG Active Two Recording Device (BIOSEMI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) • 64 channels • Baseline resting state (3 min) (randomized conditions: seated eyes open, seated eyes closed, and standing eyes closed) • 2 min warm water • CPT: max 4 min • Recovery (with warm water & cartoons): 15 min • Resting state (3 min) • [1024 Hz] • QST • CPT 4 ◦C (duration of bearable pain: max 4 min) • 11–Point NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” • CSI (assessment of CS features) Rustamov N et al. (2021) [70] • Healthy • Male and Female • Age: 18–70 • [12 participants] • EEG Headset (DSI 24, Wearable Sensing, San Diego, CA, USA) • 24 channels • 10–20 system • 2 sessions (14 days apart) • Baseline (10 min) • CPT (2 min) • Recovery (10 min) • [300 Hz] N/A or not mentioned in study • CPT (thermostat–controlled circulating cold water bath) • Temperature ≥ 4◦C • 2 min • * Device listed in paper • Verbal NRS: 0 = “no pain”, 10 = “worst pain imaginable” Simis M, Imamura M et al. (2022a) [60] • Chronic pain (clinical diagnosis with knee osteoarthritis) • Male and Female • Age: 18+ • [66 participants] • EGI system (Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EGI, Eugene, OR, USA) • 128 channels • Resting state • Eyes closed • 5 min • [250 Hz] • EMG • CPM • TMS • TMS (Magstim Rapid stimulator (The Magstim Company Limited, United Kingdom) • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS • Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Simis M et al. (2022b) [81] • Chronic pain (clinical & radiological diagnosis of SCI of traumatic etiology) (1 to 36 months after lesion) (“C” or “D” on American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) • Male and female • Age: 18–65 • [39 participants] • Acti–Champs (PyCorder, Brainvision LLCV) • 32 channels • 10–20 system • Resting state • 20 min • Eyes closed • CPM • Test stimulus: PPT (three algometry stimuli): 15-s intervals • Conditioning stimulus: (contralateral hand in cold water): 10–12◦ C, 30 s • After 30 s, do the test stimulus simultaneously • [Procedure repeated with hands switched] • VAS Neurol. ..
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